| Word | Definition |
| Ergometer | Indoor rowing machine which can measure the work performed (in ergs) |
| Mitochondrial biogenesis | Production of mitochondria |
| Coenzyme | Compounds that are essential for the functioning of enzymes that are non-protein |
| Enzymes | A biological catalyst |
| Oxidative stress | A free radical and antioxidant imbalance in the body |
| Free radical | Molecules that contain oxygen that can cause damage in the body when in surplus |
| Antioxidant | Substances that can inhibit oxidation |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons |
| Electrons | Subatomic particles with a negative electric charge |
| IGF-1 | Insulin growth factor 1 |
| Reaction cascade | A chemical process which is made up of two or more consecutive steps with the products being consumed in the following reaction. |
| Synthesis | Production |
| Tetanic tension | Sustained muscular contractions |
| VO2 max | A measure of aerobic capacity |
| DMD | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
| Differentiation | The process whereby non-specialised cells change to carry out specific functions |
| EPO | Erythropoietin-a hormone made by the kidney that regulates the body’s production of red blood cells |
| HIF-1a | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha – a hormone produced by the liver and kidney in response to lowered oxygen, a precursor to EPO |
| HIF-2a | Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha – a hormone produced by the liver and kidney in response to lowered oxygen, a precursor to EPO |
| Erythrocyte | Red blood cell |
| rEPO | recombinant EPO (Synthetic) |
| Reticulocytes | Immature red blood cells |
| Mechanical advantage | Force amplification through tool/technique alterations |
| Anthropometrics | Human measurements |
| Distraction osteogenesis | Bone lengthening surgery |
| NSAIDs | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| Narcotic analgesics | (Opioids/narcotics) A group of medications that can alleviate severe acute and chronic pain, by binding to opioid receptors in the brain. |